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Panduan Membuat Controller dengan AdminController

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Gambaran Umum

AdminController adalah base controller yang menyediakan operasi CRUD, manajemen menu, dan response yang standar untuk interface admin. Panduan ini menjelaskan cara membuat controller baru yang extends dari AdminController.

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Mulai Cepat

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Struktur Controller Dasar

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\YourNamespace;

use App\Http\Controllers\Core\AdminController;
use App\Models\YourNamespace\YourModel;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class YourController extends AdminController
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        // Set properti yang diperlukan
        $this->modelClass = YourModel::class;
        $this->entity = 'YourEntity';
        $this->namespace = 'YourNamespace';
        
        // Panggil parent constructor SETELAH setting properties
        parent::__construct();
        
        // Konfigurasi pengaturan controller
        $this->setupController();
    }
    
    private function setupController()
    {
        // Konfigurasi path halaman Inertia
        $this->inertia_page_index = 'YourNamespace/YourEntity/Index';
        $this->inertia_page_create = 'YourNamespace/YourEntity/Create';
        $this->inertia_page_edit = 'YourNamespace/YourEntity/Edit';
        $this->inertia_page_view = 'YourNamespace/YourEntity/View';
        
        // Konfigurasi routes
        $this->controller_base_route = 'your-namespace.your-entity';
        $this->controller_index_route = 'your-namespace.your-entity.index';
        
        // Konfigurasi field pencarian dan sort
        $this->searchable_fields = ['name', 'email', 'description'];
        $this->sortable_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at', 'name'];
        
        // Konfigurasi aturan validasi
        $this->setupValidation();
    }
}

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Properti yang Diperlukan

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Properti Penting (Harus Di-Set)

protected string $modelClass = '';     // Nama class model lengkap
protected string $entity = '';         // Nama entity untuk pesan/default
protected string $namespace = '';      // Namespace controller untuk organisasi

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Konfigurasi Halaman Inertia

protected string $inertia_page_index = '';   // misal: 'Directory/Member/Index'
protected string $inertia_page_create = '';  // misal: 'Directory/Member/Create'
protected string $inertia_page_edit = '';    // misal: 'Directory/Member/Edit'
protected string $inertia_page_view = '';    // misal: 'Directory/Member/View'

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Konfigurasi Route

protected string $controller_base_route = '';    // misal: 'directory.member'
protected string $controller_index_route = '';   // misal: 'directory.member.index'

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Properti Konfigurasi Opsional

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Konfigurasi Pencarian & Filter

protected array $searchable_fields = [];   // Field untuk pencarian global
protected array $sortable_fields = [];     // Field yang boleh di-sort
protected array $filter_casts = [];        // Casting tipe untuk filter
Contoh: 
$this->searchable_fields = ['name', 'email', 'phone', 'address'];
$this->sortable_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at', 'name', 'email'];
$this->filter_casts = [
    'status' => 'boolean',
    'age' => 'integer',
    'salary' => 'float'
];

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Aturan Validasi

protected array $validator_create = [];    // Rules untuk membuat record
protected array $validator_update = [];    // Rules untuk update record
Contoh: 
private function setupValidation()
{
    $this->validator_create = [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255|unique:members,name',
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:members,email',
        'phone' => 'nullable|string|max:20',
    ];
    
    $this->validator_update = [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255|unique:members,name,' . $this->request_id,
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:members,email,' . $this->request_id,
        'phone' => 'nullable|string|max:20',
    ];
}

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Pagination & Tampilan

protected int $per_page = 15;                        // Item per halaman
protected string $data_view_default = 'table';       // Tipe view default
protected array $extra_props = [];                   // Props tambahan untuk view

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Otorisasi

protected string $auth_entity = '';    // Nama entity otorisasi
Contoh: 
$this->auth_entity = 'all-members';

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Method Override

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Modifikasi Query

Override method ini untuk menambah logika query custom: 
public function additionalQuery(Request $request, $query, ?string $type = null)
{
    if ($type === 'index') {
        // Tambah eager loading untuk index
        $query->with(['category', 'tags']);
        
        // Tambah filter custom
        if ($request->filled('category_id')) {
            $query->where('category_id', $request->category_id);
        }
    }
    
    if ($type === 'view' || $type === 'edit') {
        // Tambah relasi lebih detail untuk single item view/edit
        $query->with(['category', 'tags', 'reviews.user']);
    }
    
    return $query;
}

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Kustomisasi Per Halaman

public function index(Request $request)
{
    // Set data spesifik halaman
    $this->data_object_extra = [
        'totalActive' => $this->model->where('status', 'active')->count(),
        'statistics' => $this->calculateStatistics(),
    ];
    
    // Set breadcrumbs
    $this->breadcrumbs = [
        ['title' => 'Dashboard', 'href' => route('main.dashboard.index')],
        ['title' => 'Bagian Anda', 'href' => route('your.section.index')],
        ['title' => 'Daftar Entity Anda', 'href' => route($this->controller_index_route)],
    ];
    
    return parent::index($request);
}

public function create(Request $request)
{
    // Tambah opsi form
    $this->extra_props['categories'] = Category::orderBy('name')->get(['id', 'name']);
    $this->extra_props['statuses'] = ['active', 'inactive', 'pending'];
    
    return parent::create($request);
}

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Setup Opsi Form

public function setupFormOptions(Request $request, $formOptions, $data = null)
{
    // Tambah opsi form dinamis berdasarkan data atau request saat ini
    $formOptions['categories'] = Category::where('active', true)
                                        ->orderBy('name')
                                        ->get(['id', 'name']);
    
    if ($data && isset($data['category_id'])) {
        $formOptions['subcategories'] = Subcategory::where('category_id', $data['category_id'])
                                                   ->get(['id', 'name']);
    }
    
    return $formOptions;
}

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Lifecycle Hooks

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Create Hooks

protected function beforeStore(Request $request, array $validatedData): array
{
    // Modifikasi data sebelum disimpan
    $validatedData['user_id'] = auth()->id();
    $validatedData['slug'] = Str::slug($validatedData['name']);
    
    return $validatedData;
}

protected function afterStore(Request $request, Model $instance): void
{
    // Lakukan aksi setelah menyimpan
    // Log activity
    activity('created')
        ->performedOn($instance)
        ->withProperties($instance->toArray())
        ->log('Membuat ' . $this->entity . ' baru');
    
    // Kirim notifikasi
    // Clear cache
    // dll.
}

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Update Hooks

protected function beforeUpdate(Request $request, array $validatedData, Model $instance): array
{
    // Simpan data original untuk perbandingan
    $this->original_data = $instance->getOriginal();
    
    // Modifikasi data sebelum update
    if (isset($validatedData['name']) && $validatedData['name'] !== $instance->name) {
        $validatedData['slug'] = Str::slug($validatedData['name']);
    }
    
    return $validatedData;
}

protected function afterUpdate(Request $request, Model $instance): void
{
    // Log perubahan
    $changes = $instance->getChanges();
    if (!empty($changes)) {
        activity('updated')
            ->performedOn($instance)
            ->withProperties([
                'old' => $this->original_data,
                'new' => $changes
            ])
            ->log('Memperbarui ' . $this->entity);
    }
}

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Delete Hooks

protected function beforeDestroy(Request $request, Model $instance): void
{
    // Cek dependensi
    if ($instance->children()->count() > 0) {
        throw new \Exception('Tidak dapat menghapus item yang memiliki child record');
    }
    
    // Backup data
    $this->backup_data = $instance->toArray();
}

protected function afterDestroy(Request $request, Model $instance): void
{
    // Bersihkan data terkait
    // Log penghapusan
    activity('deleted')
        ->withProperties($this->backup_data)
        ->log('Menghapus ' . $this->entity);
}

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Konfigurasi Menu

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Kontrol Level Menu Atas

public function index(Request $request)
{
    // Kontrol level menu mana yang ditampilkan di navigasi atas
    $this->generateTopMenu(1); // Tampilkan children dari grup aktif (default)
    // $this->generateTopMenu(0); // Tampilkan grup utama sebagai gantinya
    
    return parent::index($request);
}

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Fitur Lanjutan

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Aksi Custom

public function customAction(Request $request, $id)
{
    $item = $this->model->findOrFail($id);
    
    // Lakukan logika custom
    $result = $this->performCustomOperation($item);
    
    $message = $result ? 'Operasi berhasil diselesaikan' : 'Operasi gagal';
    $type = $result ? 'success' : 'error';
    
    return redirect()
        ->route($this->controller_index_route)
        ->with($type, $message);
}

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Dukungan Modal

public function index(Request $request)
{
    // Handle request modal
    if ($request->filled('modal') && $request->filled('item_id')) {
        $modalType = $request->input('modal');
        $itemId = $request->input('item_id');
        
        switch ($modalType) {
            case 'show-details':
                $this->extra_props['modalData'] = $this->model
                    ->with(['relations'])
                    ->findOrFail($itemId);
                break;
        }
    }
    
    return parent::index($request);
}

​
Contoh Lengkap

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Directory;

use App\Http\Controllers\Core\AdminController;
use App\Models\Directory\Member;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;

class MemberController extends AdminController
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        // Properti yang diperlukan
        $this->modelClass = Member::class;
        $this->entity = 'Member';
        $this->namespace = 'Directory';
        
        // Harus panggil parent constructor setelah set properti yang diperlukan
        parent::__construct();
        
        // Konfigurasi controller
        $this->setupController();
    }
    
    private function setupController()
    {
        // Halaman Inertia
        $this->inertia_page_index = 'Directory/Member/Index';
        $this->inertia_page_create = 'Directory/Member/Create';
        $this->inertia_page_edit = 'Directory/Member/Edit';
        $this->inertia_page_view = 'Directory/Member/View';
        
        // Routes
        $this->controller_base_route = 'directory.member';
        $this->controller_index_route = 'directory.member.index';
        
        // Otorisasi
        $this->auth_entity = 'all-members';
        
        // Konfigurasi pencarian & sort
        $this->searchable_fields = ['name', 'email', 'phone', 'address'];
        $this->sortable_fields = ['created_at', 'updated_at', 'name', 'email'];
        
        // Validasi
        $this->validator_create = [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:members,email',
            'phone' => 'nullable|string|max:20',
        ];
        
        $this->validator_update = [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:members,email,' . $this->request_id,
            'phone' => 'nullable|string|max:20',
        ];
    }
    
    public function additionalQuery(Request $request, $query, ?string $type = null)
    {
        if ($type === 'index') {
            $query->with(['category', 'status']);
        }
        
        return $query;
    }
    
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $this->data_object_extra = [
            'totalMembers' => Member::count(),
            'activeMembers' => Member::where('status', 'active')->count(),
        ];
        
        $this->breadcrumbs = [
            ['title' => 'Dashboard', 'href' => route('main.dashboard.index')],
            ['title' => 'Directory', 'href' => route('directory.dashboard.index')],
            ['title' => 'Daftar Member', 'href' => route($this->controller_index_route)],
        ];
        
        return parent::index($request);
    }
}

​
Best Practices

  1. Selalu panggil parent::__construct() setelah setting properti yang diperlukan
  2. Set breadcrumbs di setiap method halaman untuk navigasi yang lebih baik
  3. Gunakan lifecycle hooks untuk logika bisnis yang kompleks
  4. Konfigurasi field pencarian dan sort untuk pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik
  5. Tambah aturan validasi yang tepat untuk integritas data
  6. Gunakan konvensi penamaan yang konsisten untuk routes dan halaman
  7. Handle otorisasi melalui properti auth_entity
  8. Tambah extra_props yang bermakna untuk fungsionalitas UI yang lebih baik